Developing technologies in The tv and film industry

3D TV, or stereoscopic TV, is an effort at mimicking reality. It's an optical illusion, a trick to make our brains think something's got depth, when it hasn't - to make something look real, when it's not.
That may sound a tad dishonest, but it's not different to adding extra detail with high definition cameras. 3D has broadly the same aim; though technically speaking it's completely different to HD.
With 3D glasses on, each eye sees a slightly different image; your brain does the rest in creating the illusion of both depth and 'front' effects in what is obviously a completely flat image.




Satellite television

Satellite TV is a broadcasting service which allows subscribers to receive television signals through a dish-shaped receiver unit. These signals are originally uploaded to a communications satellite that is in a fixed orbit above the earth, then electronically scrambled to prevent unauthorized downloading. Those who pay a subscription fee for satellite TV service are issued both the receiving dish and a descrambler. The actual tuning information is fed into the television through a cable, much like the earth-bound cable television services in competition with satellite TV providers.




Cable Television

Cable television is a system of providing television programs to consumers via radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted to televisions through coaxial cables or digital light pulses through fixed optical fibers located on the subscriber's property, much like the over-the-air method used in traditional broadcast television (via radio waves) in which a television antenna is required. FM radio programming, high-speed Internet, telephony, and similar non-television services may also be provided. The major difference is the change of radio frequency signals used and optical connections to the subscriber property.

How its changed over the years

since the 1950's, tv has been developing constently , for example - tv's originally were in black and white, then they introduced colour tv witch was big back in the day , then they seeked into developing the defenition (HD) witch was also a big hit and most people at the moment use HDTV's.This effected peoples perspective on TV and how there eyes see the tv.Another recent developing scheme is 3D (3 dimensional) witch allows viewers to see almost asif its real life.

what the future holds for increase in technology

I think tv's wont develop alot from now on but i do think they will bring touch screen sensitive to tv's and also like the technology on xbox 360 connect were you can move certain object by moving your self body or even voice command.Because theres not much they can do now with tv's i think they'll focus more on making them to the biggist size suitable meaning width and hight.

HDTV

Short for High-Definition Television, a new type of television that provides much better resolution than current televisions based on the NTSC standard. HDTV is a digital TV broadcasting format where the broadcast transmits widescreen pictures with more detail and quality than found in a standard analog television, or other digital television formats. HDTV is a type of Digital Television (DTV) broadcast, and is considered to be the best quality DTV format available. Types of HDTV displays include direct-view, plasma, rear screen, and front screen projection. HDTV requires an HDTV tuner to view and the most detailed HDTV format is 1080i.

would i buy this new technology?
with new exclusives such as 3DTV's , the argument is ... is it worth getting with not many channels in 3D? and its an extra cost, personally i wouldnt until its either cheaper or it reaches to a wider broadcast.On the other hand i think HD is worth an extra tenner more because channels or even football matches are more clear and i have a satisfied view of the tv.

Regulation Of The Media Sector

British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), - they hold responsible for classifying films and rating them on there content.

 

British Video Association-is a video home entertainment organisation established in 1980.

 

Film Distributors Association- is the right company for thatrical film distrubutors in the UK-its the company that releases films in the UK for the UK audiance.

 

Video Standards Council (VSC)-The VFC was established in 1989 as a non prophit making body, set up to develop and oversee a code of practise designed to promote high standards within the video industry

 

Television, Radio and Telecommunications Office for Communication (Ofcom)-is the government-approved regulatory authority for the broadcasting and telecommunications industries in the United Kingdom.

 

Trading Standards Central- Helps the econamy with trading standards.

 

Trading Standards Nets-Trading standards net is the gateway to advice and information on consumer protection in the uk, with access to legislation, product recalls, discussion board,

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Press Complaints Commission (PCC)- The Press Complaints Commission (PCC) is a voluntary regulatory body for British printed newspapers and magazines, consisting of representatives of the major publishers. The PCC is funded by the annual levy it charges newspapers and magazines. It has no legal powers - all newspapers and magazines voluntarily contribute to the costs of, and adhere to the rulings of, the Commission, making the industry self-regulating.

 

Advertising Standards Authority (ASA)-Regulates the content of advertisements, sales promotions and direct marketing in the UK.

 

The Mobile Entertainment Forum (MEF)-MEF is the global community for mobile content and commerce. It is the leading trade organisation for companies wishing to monetize their goods, services and digital products via the mobile connected device. MEF provides competitive advantage to its diverse membership, shapes industry growth, connects thought leaders and spearheads groundbreaking initiatives which explore and promote monetization opportunities.

 

The Independent Games Developers Association (IGDA)- TIGA (The Independent Game Developers’ Association) is the national trade association representing the business and commercial interests of video and computer game developers in the UK and Europe. Its counterpart representing software publishers in the UK is ELSPA.

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British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA)-BAFTA is a charity set up in the united kingdom that hosts annual awards shows for exellent film,television,television craft and also forms of animation

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Commercial Radio Companies Association (CRCA),-The Commercial Radio Companies Association is the trade body for commercial radio companies in the United Kingdom. It is a voluntary, non profit making body, incorporated as a company limited by guarantee, and was formed by the first radio companies when Independent Radio began in 1973.

 

The International Visual Communication Association (IVCA),-The International Communication Association (ICA) is a non-profit academic association founded in 1950,it was identified by the United Nations as a non-governmental organization.

 

Worldwide Web Consortium (W3C),-The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an international community where Member organizations, a full-time staff, and the public work together to develop Web standards. Led by Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee and CEO Jeffrey Jaffe, W3C's mission is to lead the Web to its full potential.

 

British Interactive Multimedia Association (BIMA)-'

BIMA' is an industry body representing the digital industry in the United Kingdom.

Formed in 1985, BIMA is a membership organisation primarily made up of digital agencies. The organisation is run by an elected Executive Committee of 13 Members who are voted in at the AGM.

Ethical and Legal constraints within the media sector

Race relations Act-The race relation act was first introduced by the parliment of the united kingdom so that there was equality within the industry.For example quite alot of football manegers are white , very few are black but there are alot of black football players so what the F.A have come up with is that evry maneger they interview for a certain team a black male is preffered to get interviewd so its equal.

Human Rights Act-Evry human being is entitled to human rights ,
Human rights can be classified and organized in a number of different ways, at an international level the most common categorisation of human rights has been to split them into civil and political rights, and economic, social and cultural rights.

Copyright-copyright is were a person creates something out of his own intellegence or comes up with a certain idea or song and someone else publisizes it or uses it as there own work.

privacy law-privacy law sort of comes into human rights also because evry one has the right to privacy, by breaching someones privacy a person publishing a indecent picture in a newspaper article .Although people may argue that its in the publics intrest , people have diffrent views.

Broadcasting Act-Broadcasting act is a law introduced for certain shows get previewed at the right time and has the right context in the programme so that young viewers arnt encouraged or listening to certain scenes.

Intellectual property law-Is if a person was to come up with an idea for a drink,chocolate bar, etc.. , and someone nicked it and used it asif it was there own that would be breaching the intellectual property law.

libel Law-No slander aimed at a certain individual or a group, An early example of libel would be the case of John Peter Zenger. Zenger was hired to publish New York Weekly Journal. When he printed another man’s article that criticized William Cosby, the governor of New York at the time, Zenger was accused of seditious libel.

Official secrets Act-provides for the protection of state secrets and official information, mainly related to national security.

Obscene publications-If material that is viewed as unpleasent is published in a newspaper article or a magazine etc. the person would be breeching the law.

BBFC-the bbfc is responsible for classification of films,tv programmes, games, television adverts, for example a U rating :only aloud mild language like bugger or damb , hardley and graphic violence or sexual activity is aloud.The bbfc rate the films from U-18 by measuring the context within the film.

OFCOM- is the government-approved regulatory authority for the broadcasting and
telecommunications industries in the United Kingdom.

CODES OF PRACTICE-code of practice is a set of written rules witch explains how people work in a particular proffesion should behave.For example

Paramount pictures

Paramount pictures is an American film production company witch was founded in 1912 and currently owned by a media conglomerates viacom, paramount is currently classed as one of the highist film production companies in America/Hollywood.Through development paramount have come through almost a  century of buliding a company and providing films.Currently owned by / or chairman - Brad Gray - paramount is Independent and succsesful but within the years of 1931-1941 paramount had money problems and went through a stage of recievership due to paramount nearly collapsing as a company (money issues). with being pioneers of owning evrything even the theaters and actors within there films , paramount made big history with also taking over dreamworks.its owner is one of the big 4 media industries in the world (viacom)- viacom is an American media conglomerate with intrests primarily in but not limited to
,cinema and cable television.Paramount also have an online beta witch is a breif structure of all there films and information on there films etc..

To conclude even though paramount have had money issues and pursude for people to invest there still a succsesfull company and thrive within the media industry .

ITV

ITV is a massive commercial public service TV network in the UK , with being the oldest commercial network they are probably the biggist commercial broadcaster going.ITV get there funds due to advertising other shows wanting to be on there prgramme , with knowing how big they are so they no there show will be recognized.ITV wasnt as big as it is now , since merging with granada tv in 1997 witch was a independent company , they have become huge with the likely hood of becoming bigger.Unlike some of the tv channels in the united kingdom ITV is owned by a few companies not just one these companies are-independent telivision authority (ITA) , independent broadcasting authority , independent television commision (ITC) and ofcom.Compared to others ITV isnt the biggist company within the UK although they do have a wide range of there programmes similar to bbc 1, bbc 2, bbc3.... ITV1,ITV2,ITV3,ITV4 witch all display completely diffrent programmes to atract more of a wide range of audiance.With branching in channles and programmes ITV have also merged with an online company in order to have a website.Its not just as simple for ITV though due to competition from the BBC there isnt as such a rivalry between both of them but competition is high.to conclude ITV is owned by ITV plc which operates 11 of the 15 regional companoes. ITV plc was formed by the merger of Granada plc and Carlton Communications in 2004. Granada and Carlton own the ITV1 brand and use the name Channel 3 as their legal name..

Film financing

Film financing is an aspect of film production that occurs during the development of pre-production, Film financing includes goverment grants, tax schemes, debt finance, equity finance- goverment grants are when if i wanted to make a film and i had no money, i could apply for a grant of an agency witch is funded by the goverment in order to pay for costumes, acotrs, directors etc..../.Tax schemes are when say if you earn 150,000 and 50 perecent of it goes towards tax (75,000) so rather than paying that to the goverment , they can invest it into a film and earn more money of it.Another scheme is debt finance witch is were if a film involves george clooney or the director is quentin tarantino they no that there goin to earn around 50 million just because there well known and high class actors/directors.so with knowledge of that they will say to cinemas they know how many people (roughley) are going to see that film so if they want 50 percent later on , the company will say okay give us 20 % now and 30 % later on.This isnt the biggist scheme but never the less film companies use it (equity finance) - what is equity finance?- equity finance is an act of raising money for company activities by selling common or preferred stock to individual or institutional investors in return for money pain- shareholders recieve owners interests in the corporation.a certain example of investing or private equity financing is dragons den , were a person would come up the stairs with there project and try and convince them that its going to work in the future in order for them to invest, similar with film financing.

Another example of equity financing is james bond , simpley because aston martin pay the makers of james bond to have there cars in the films due to james bond being a big succsess and well known.

T.V funding

Certain public service channels (BBC) invest there funds from mostley licence fee witch is basically is a fee payed for watching a certain programme , licence fee is currently set at £142.50 and 75 % of that goes towards the BBC.Other fundings such as syndication is were a commercial, public service, subscriber  buy programmes outside the network system , for example comedy central buying freinds of E4 , its only a minore purchase but theres an example.The BBC dont just earn of them 2 , with the help of merchandising
and competitions.There are 3main types of channels , commercial, public service and subscribers, in my opinion i would say commercial earns the most but depending on how big the show is or the programme and it helps if loads of people are watching because a certain programme like itv for example can post advertising for more if say the x factor is on.Big companies like sky or virgin (subscribers) earn there money by people investing in there company due to bskyb being listed on the london stock exchange witch means anyone can invest money for a certain percentage.

In a basic way each broadcaster recieves there money either from advertising (commercial) witch is were companies will pay them money for advertising there product on there channel, another one is public service broadcasting , one channel that uses this frequently aswell as commercial ,  channel 4 first set up because BBC wasnt meeting the demands of the media city.

Key 103

key 103 is part  of the Bauer Radio group, which operates eight Big City radio stations across the UK: Hallam FM in Sheffield, Key 103 in Manchester, Metro Radio in Newcastle, Radio City in Liverpool, Radio Aire in Leeds, Rock FM in Preston, TFM in Middlesbrough and Viking FM in Hull.

Unlike certain  radio stations key 103 is NOT a cross media company as they only specialise in radio.with saying that they are one of the biggist radio companies accross the uk.It was formerly owned by trans world communications, EMAP but now owned by bauer radio, it was originally named as picadilly radio in 1974, the big station was remnamed in 1988, when it was decided to re-brand Piccadilly Radio's FM frequency to the new name, with a younger target audience in mind. The original Piccadilly Radio continued to broadcast on the AM frequency of 1152 kHz. In a sense key 103 do not need to merge with any companies just for the simple fact there huge at the moment.
Key 103 and its sister piccadilly magic 1152 are also in partnership with the 2 famous football teams- manchester city (crap) and manchester united (quality) (my opinion), the company that owns key 103 (bauer media) are what you would call a parent company because its so big , or as u would call it a conglomerate.Key 103 target a wide range of audiences from teenagers to 50 year olds simpley because the music that they broadcast can be from RNB to classic songs.

Time Warner

Time warner or - AOL time warner is one of the biggist media companies in the world, the 2 companies was seperate at first and wasnt as big as they are now.One of the companies (warner) are well known for producing film and television entertainment also cartoons, one of warners most commonly known films is batman the dark knight witch had a big sucsess at the box office.The other company before the 2 merged was called time inc witch were also known for producing magazines such as entertainment weekly, sports illustrated, fortune ect. , both companies wasnt as huge as they are now , then again u have to start somewere.Time warner decided to use diverification witch seeks to increase profitability, for example when time warner merged with aol it ment that they had an income of online and became to big of a company so it became what they call a monopoly company, so with them owning that it would become to boring to watch stuff online or read about stuff online because most of it would of bin time warner, so there for they had to demerge .One of the first companies time warner bought was new line cinema witch is an american film studio it became subsidery to time warner in 1996 and was merged with larger sister studio- warner bros (2008) new line cinema is a cross media company , it operates in several divisions including theatrical distribution, marketing, home video and is also partners with a distribution comapny named picture house.

Time warner are so succsesful because of there cross media actions such as magazines , films,  and lots of other companies, they have a long list of assets including home box office , adult swim also comics.Ever since time warner first merged they have expanded in diversification.Personally i think its appealing that they own so much and crossed over to internet , magazines ect. simply because if they need to advertise a film they can do it on there website or if they want to advertise any of there new productions it can be published in there magazines.since the trio went back to a double (AOL demerged) the company ishnt as big but still a huge asscet to the media industry.